Regents of Wallachia

Wallachia (also spelled Walachia) was a principality, which evolved during the 13^th century and it consisted of southern Romania. It was a vassal state during almost its entire history, first to Hungary and after 1396 to the Ottoman Empire. There were brief periods when Wallachia could maintain its independence, the most significant period was 1593-1601 when Mihai the Brave fought successfully against the Ottomans and also managed to become prince over Transylvania and Moldova. He is regarded by some as the first ruler of a united Romania. But the native Wallachian dynasty which he belonged became extinct 1659 where after the Ottoman sultans usually appointed Greeks, so called fanariots, to govern Wallachia. The Wallachian rulers originally used the title Vojvod, which has the same meaning as the title duke. But from 1716 were these rulers called hospodars, which means master but can also be translated to governor. At the same time was Wallachia’s autonomy severely weakened, especially because of the Ottoman sultans habit of selling the office as hospodar of Wallachia to the highest bidder and then dismiss him after only a short reign, whereupon a new bidding occurred. To make their investment lucrative the newly appointed hospodars therefore impoverished the people of Wallachia with high taxes. It was very common that a hospodar who had been dismissed would later return to the same office. The record holder is Constantin Mavrocordat who was hospodar over Wallachia six times and also held the same office in Moldavia four times. The fanaroits rule in Wallachia ended 1821 when the Greeks rebelled against the Ottoman Empire. But as the Ottoman Empire gradually became weaker, Russia’s influence in Wallachia grew during the 18^th and 19^th century whereby Wallachia became more or less a Russian protectorate. Wallachia seized to exist as a separate state 1861 when it together with Moldavia created the new state of Romania.

c. 1247-1273 ca 1247 1273-1290 1290-1310 1310-1352 1352-1364 1364-1377 1377-1383 1383-1386 1386-1394 1394-1394 1394-1418 1418-1420 1420-1422 1422-1423 1423 1423-1424 1424 1424-1426 1426 1426-1427 1427 1427-1431 1431-1436 1436-1442 1442 1442-1443 1443-1446 1446-1456 1456-1462 1462-1473 1473-1474 1474-1475 1475-1476 1476 1476-1477 1477-1481 1481 1481 1481-1482 1482-1495 1495-1508 1508-1509 1509-1510 1510-1512 1512-1521 1521 1521 1522-1523 1523 1523-1524 1524 1524 1524-1525 1525 1525-1529 1529-1530 1530-1532 1532-1534 1534 1534-1535 1535-1545 1545-1552 1552-1553 1553-1554 1554-1557 1558-1559 1559-1568 1568-1574 1574 1574-1577 1577-1583 1583-1585 1585-1591 1591-1592 1592-1593 1593-1601 1599-1600 1600-1601 1601-1602 1601-1602 1602-1610 1610-1611 1611 1611 1611-1616 1616 1616-1618 1618-1620 1620-1623 1623-1627 1627-1629 1629-1632 1632 1632-1654 1654-1658 1658-1659 1659-1660 1660-1664 1664-1669 1669-1672 1672-1673 1673-1678 1678-1688 1688-1714 1714-1715 1715-1716	Litovoi (vojvod in Oltenia) Seneslav (vojvod in Arges) Barbat (vojvod in Oltenia) Tihomir (Tugomir) Basarab Nicolaie Alexandru Vladislav I (Vlaicu) Radu I Dan I Mircea cel Batrin (the Old) Vlad I Mircea cel Batrin (restored) Mihail I Radu II Dan II Radu II (restored) Dan II (restored) Radu II (re-restored) Dan II (re-restored) Radu II (re-re-restored) Dan II (re-re-restored) Radu II (re-re-re-restored) Dan II (re-re-re-restored) Alexandru I Vlad Dracul Mircea Basarab II Vlad Dracul (restored) Vladislav II Vlad Tepes Radu cel Frumos Basarab cel Batrin Radu cel Frumos (restored) Basarab cel Batrin (restored) Vlad Tepes (restored) Basarab cel Batrin (re-restored) Basarab cel Tinar Mircea Vlad Calugarul Basarab cel Tinar (restored) Vlad Calugarul (restored) Radu cel Mare Mihnea cel Rau Mircea Vlad cel Tinar Neagoie Basarab Teodosie Vlad Dragomir Calugarul Radu de la Afumati Vladislav III Radu Badica Radu de la Afumati (restored) Vladislav III (restored) Radu de la Afumati (re-restored) Vladislav III (re-restored) Radu de la Afumati (re-re-restored) Moise Vlad Inecatul Vlad Vintila Radu Paisie Vlad Vintila (restored) Radu Paisie (restored) Mircea Ciobanul Radu Ilie Mircea Ciobanul Patrascu cel Bun Mircea Ciobanul (restored) Petru cel Tinar Alexandru II Vintila (ruled only four days) Alexandru II (restored) Mihnea Turcitul Petru Cercel Mihnea Turcitul (restored) Stefan Surdul
	Alexandru cel Rau Mihai Viteazul (the Brave)
	Nicolaie Patrascu (co-regent) Simion Movila Radu Mihnea Simion Movila (restored) Radu Serban Ockuperat av Transsylvanien Radu Mihnea (restored) Radu Serban (restored) Radu Mihnea (re-restored) Gavril Movila Alexandru Ilias Gavril Movila (restored) Radu Mihnea (re-re-restored) Alexandru Cocunul Alexandru Ilias (restored) Leon Radu Ilias Matei Basarab Constantin Serban Mihnea III Gheorghe Ghica Grigore Ghica Radu Leon Antonie Voda din Popesti Grigore Ghica (restored) Gheorghe Duca Serban Cantacuzino Constantin Brancoveanu Stefan Cantacuzino Nicolaie Mavrocordat
Hospodars of Wallachia
1716-1719 1719-1730 1730 1730-1731 1731-1733 1733-1735 1735-1741 1741-1744 1744-1748 1748-1752 1752-1753 1753-1756 1756-1758 1758-1761 1761-1763 1763-1764 1764-1765 1765-1766 1766-1768 1768-1769 1769-1774 1770-1771 1774-1782 1782-1783 1783-1786 1786-1790 1789-1791 1791-1793 1793-1796 1796-1797 1797-1799 1799-1801 1799-1801 1801-1802 1802-1806 1806 1806-1807 1806-1812 1812-1818 1818-1821 1821 1821-1822 1822-1828 1828-1834 1834-1842 1842-1848 1848-1849 1849-1853 1853-1854 1854 1854-1856 1854-1856 1856-1859 1859-1861	Ioan Mavrocordat Nicolaie Mavrocordat (restored) Constantin Mavrocordat Mihai Racovita Constantin Mavrocordat (restored) Grigore II Ghica Constantin Mavrocordat (re-restored) Mihai Racovita (restored) Constantin Mavrocordat (re-re-restored) Grigore II Ghica (restored) Matei Ghica Gheorghe Racovita Constantin Mavrocordat (re-re-re-...) Scarlat Ghica Constantin Mavrocordat (re-re-re-re-...) Constantin Racovita Stefan Racovita Scarlat Ghica Alexandru Ghica Grigore III Ghica Occupied by Russia Manole Giani Ruset (under Russian rule) Alexandru Ipsilanti Nicolaie Caragea Mihai Sutu Nicolaie Mavrogheni Occupied by Austria Mihai Sutu (restored) Alexandru Moruzi Alexandru Ipsilanti Constantin Hangerli Alexandru Moruzi (restored) Constantin Hangerli (restored) Mihai Sutu (re-restored) Constantin Ipsilanti Alexandru Sutu (under Russian rule) Constantin Ipsilanti (restored) Occupied by Russia Ioan Gheorghe Caragea Alexandru Sutu (restored) Scarlat Callimachi Occupied by the Ottoman Empire Grigore IV Occupied by Russia Alexandru Ghica Gheorghe Bibescu Rebellion against the Ottoman Empire Barbu Stirbei Occupied by Russia Occupied by the Ottoman Empire Occupied by Austria Barbu Stirbei (under Austrian rule) Interregnum
	Alexandru Ion Cuza