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  _____________________

Örjan Martinsson

Carinthia, Styria and Carniola

The region of central Austria and Slovenia became populated by Slavs at the end of the sixth century. They then created the principality of Karantania, which is known from the seventh century and is regarded by some as a predecessor to the modern republic of Slovenia. Karantania managed to maintain its independence from both the Avars to the east and the Bavarians to the west until the middle of the eight century when Avar pressure forced Karantania to seek Bavarian protection. Together with Bavaria became Karantania a part of the Frankish kingdom 788 and its last Slavic ruler was deposed 828 where after it was ruled by Frankish counts. The region was then known by its German name "Kärnten" and its was restored several times as a separate duchy during the ninth and tenth century. From 976 was it permanently a separate duchy. A large immigration of German settlers led to the assimilation of the original Slavic population in Carinthia, which 1335 became a part of the Habsburg dynasty's lands and thereafter was linked with Styria and Carniola during the repeated divisions of the Habsburg lands. From 1619 have Carinthia always been united with Austria and it is today an Austrian part state, although it is considerably smaller than the historic Karantania.

Principality of Karantania

ca 630

c. 745-750
c. 750-752
c. 752-770
c. 770-788
c. 784-798
c. 788-
?
?
? - 819
c. 819-820
828-876
Valuk (Valug)

Borut (Boruth)
Gorazd (Kakaz, Cacatius)
Hotimir (Khotimir, Cheitmar, Ceithumar)
Valtunk (Waltunk, Waldung)
Inko (Ingo)
Pribislav
Semika
Stojmir (Stoimir)
Etgar (Edgar)
Ludevit (Liudewit, Ljudewit Posavski)
Direct rule by the Frankish kingdom

Duchy of Carinthia
(in personal union with the margraviate of Verona 976-1151)
 
876-893
893-927
927- (947)
938-976
Arnulf von Kärnten
Part of Bavaria
Berthold
Part of Bavaria
976-978 Heinrich I der Jüngere (the Younger)
978-985 Otto von Worms
985-989 Heinrich I (restored) ( = 983-985)
989-995 Heinrich II der Zänker
995-1004 Otto (restored)
1004-1011 Konrad I der Ältere
1011-1035 Adalbero von Eppenstein (also Styria)
1036-1039 Konrad II der Jüngere
1039-1047 Heinrich III
1047-1055
1055-1057
1057-1061
Welf I
Interregnum
Konrad III
1061-1077 Berthold von Zähringen
1073-1076
1077-1090
1090-1122

House of Eppenstein

Markward
Liutold
Heinrich III

1122-1123
1123-1135
1135-1144
1144-1161
1161-1181
1181-1202
1202-1256

House of Spanheim

Heinrich IV
Engelbert
Ulrich I
Heinrich V
Hermann
Ulrich II
Bernhard


Carinthia and Carniola
 
1256-1269 Ulrich III (margrave of Carniola from 1246)
1269-1276
House of Přemysl

Ottokar

1276-1295
1295-1310
1310-1335

Meinhardinian Dynasty
 
Meinhard (regent 1276-1286)
Otto III
Heinrich VI *

Styria, Carinthia and Carniola

1335-1339


House of Habsburg

Otto der Fröhliche (the Happy)

1335-1358 Albrecht der Weise (the Wise)
1358-1365 Rudolf der Stifter (the Founder)
1365-1379 Albrecht III

1365-1386

Leopold III
1386-1406 Wilhelm
1386-1411 Leopold IV
1386-1411 Friedrich IV

1386-1424

Ernst der Eiserne (the Iron)
1424-1493 Friedrich V (III)
1493-1519 Maximilian
1519-1521 Karl I (V)

1519-1564

Ferdinand I
1564-1590 Karl II
1590- (1637) Ferdinand II

United with Austria from 1619

Styria

Styria was a part of the old Carinthia, which became a separate margraviate during the tenth century as the "Carinthian Mark". The margraviate went 1056 to Ottokar I who styled himself as margrave of Steyr after the castle he had his residence in, this name then evolved to "Styria" (in German Steiermark). It was elevated to a duchy 1180 and joined Austria in a personal union 1192 when it was inherited by the Babenberg dynasty. Together with Carinthia and Carniola was it later inherited by collateral branches of the Habsburg dynasty (se above). But from 1619 have Styria always been united with Austria, although the southern part was ceded to Yugoslavia after the First World War and id today a part of Slovenia.

House of Eppenstein

c. 970-1000
1000-1035
Markward
Adalbero (also Carinthia 1011-1035)

House of Lambach-Wels
 
1035-1056
1040-1050

Arnold
Gottfried


Ottokar Dynasty
 
1056-1075
1075-1082
1082-1122
1122-1129
1129-1164
1164-1192

1192-1379
1379-1457
1457-1564
1564-1619
1619-

Ottokar I von Steyr
Adalbero
Ottokar II
Leopold der Starke (the Strong)
Ottokar III
Ottokar IV

United with Austria
Ruled by a collateral Habsburg branch
United with Austria
Ruled by a collateral Habsburg branch
United with Austria

Carniola

The margraviate of Carniola was separated from Carinthia in 1040 and it was later granted to the Patriarch of Aquileia in 1077, but remained under the rule of subordinate margraves until 1112. The patriarch then gave it as a fief to the duke of Austria in 1245, but his death shortly afterwards led to Carniola's reunification with Carinthia the following year. From 1335 was it a part of the Habsburg's hereditary lands and in 1364 was it elevated to a duchy. Carniola became a part of Yugoslavia after the First World War and was later the main part of the Yugoslav part republic of Slovenia, which became independent in 1991.

1040-1044
1045-1070
1070-1098
1098-1112
1112-1245
1245-1246

1246-1809
1809-1814
1814-1918
1918-1991
1991-

Poppo I
Ulrich I
Poppo II
Ulrich II
Direct rule by the Patriarch of Aquileia
Friedrich II der Streitbare

United with Carinthia (Inner Austria)
Part of France
Part of Austria
Part of Yugoslavia
Part of Slovenia

* = Heinrich VI was king of Bohemia 1306 and 1307-1310.

= Germany
= The Netherlands

= Spain
= Both Sicilies
= Swabia
= Breisgau
= Württemberg
 
= Rheinfranken
= Bavaria
= Tyrol
 
= Bohemia
= Austria
= Hungary