Maps Population Regents
 
  REGENTS:
 
  British Isles
  Benelux
  France
  Iberian Peninsula
  Italy
  Central Europe
  Germany
  Scandinavia
  Baltic
  Poland

  Eastern Europe
  Balkans

  _____________________

Örjan Martinsson

= West Frisia  (Holland and Zeeland)
= Bishopric of Utrecht
= Middle Frisia  (Friesland)   = North Frisia
= East Frisia (Groningen, Ostfriesland, Jever and Wursten)

Frisians is the name of a Germanic tribe that the Romans subdued in 12 BC. They rebelled in AD 28, but were again subdued and then finally regained their independence under the reign of Emperor Claudius (41-54). In the latter part of antiquity, however, the region became depopulated due to climate change and attacks from the neighbouring tribes. When Frisians reappear in the sources during the early Middle Ages, it is not the same people as the ancient Frisians. Rather, it was later immigrants who got their name from the region which in turn had been named after its older inhabitants.

The existence of a Frisian king named Finn can be documented in Anglo-Saxon poems, but it is only during the seventh century that a Frisian kingdom emerges in the sources. At that time in opposition to the powerful Frankish kingdom. In the eighth century, the kingdom of the Frisians was conquered by the Franks, and in the ninth century, the Frisians were exposed to the ravages of the Vikings.

While the Frisian kingdom had comprised most of the present Netherlands, the later region of Frisia was much reduced. After 1100 West Frisia was not considered to be a part of Frisia. North Frisia had never been a part of the Frisian kingdom and was probably populated sometime during the period of 700-1000. The North Frisians did not form a political unit of their own, they belonged to Denmark/Schleswig all the time. Frisia Proper in medieval time therefore only included the eastern and middle part. This area was populated by free peasants who successfully resisted all attempts by feudal lords to subdue them, mainly the counts of Holland and the bishops of Utrecht. In the east, local chieftains created their own states (within the Holy Roman Empire) in the late Middle Age. Middle Frisia and Groningen were finally conquered by Imperial troops in 1498 and became thereafter a part of the Dutch republic, which was created in 1581. Middle Frisia became the Dutch province of Friesland, which until 1747 and together with the province of Groningen was ruled by their own stadtholder.

5th century
c. 600-630

c. 650-680
680-719
719-734
734-748
748-760
760-785

Finn (Folcwald's son)
Audulf

Aldgisl I
Radbod I (Radboud, Redbad)
Poppo (Bubo, Bobba)
Aldgisl II
Gundebold (Aldgisl III)
Radbod II  (Radboud, Redbad)

Most of Frisia was conquered 734 by the Franks
East Frisia was conquered in the 780s
 

(734) -843
843-869
870-911
911-925
925- (1581)

Part of the Frankish kingdom
Part of Middle Francia (Lotharingia)
Part of East Francia (Germany)
Part of West Francia (France)
Part of Germany

.

Viking Rulers and Gerulfingian Counts
(all under Frankish sovereignty)
 

826-844
c. 833-856
850-882
882-885
c. 885-896

Harald Klak (county of Rüstringen)
Gerulf I
Rorik (Hrörek)
Godfred (Haraldsson?)

Gerulf II

The Gerulfingian descendants establish the county of Holland
 in West Frisia which after AD 1100 is no longer considered as
a part of Frisia. Conditions in the rest of  Frisia are unclear,
but a county in that area emerge from about AD 1000

House of Brunswick
(the Brunonen dynasty)
 

c. 1000-1038
1038-1057
Liudolf
Bruno
1057-1068 Egbert I

1068-1088

Egbert II


Different Dynasties
 

1088-1099
1099-1101
1101
1101-1107
1107-1138

Koenraad van Zwaben (bishop of Utrecht)
Interregnum
Hendrik van Northeim
Interregnum
Hendrik van Zutphen


Ruled by the bishops of Utrecht
 

1138-1139
1139-1150
1150-1156
1156- (1178)

Andries van Cuijk
Hartbert van Bierum
Herman van Horne
Godfried van Rhenen

Frisia is 1165 transformed into a condominium which is ruled jointly
by the bishops of Utrecht and the counts of Holland. The joint rule
is however only theoretical since Frisia's central power collapsed
in the 12th century and local chieftains gained control.

Ruled by the Counts of Holland
 

1198-1203

Willem I  
1203-1233 No central power
1233 Floris IV
1233-1337 No central power
1337-1345 Willem IV
1345-1358 No central power
1358-1401 Albrecht van Beieren
1401-1498 No central power

East Frisia with the exception of Groningen is hereby separated
from Middle Frisia and their local chieftains create their own states.
The rest of Frisia is conquered by Imperial troops in 1498

Stadtholders of Frisia
 

1498-1500

Albrecht van Saksen
1500-1505 Joris met de Baard (the Bearded)
1500-1515 Hendrik de Vrome (the  Pious)
1515-1523 Karel van Egmond (Groningen to 1536)



 

1515-1555

Karel (V)

1555-1581 Filips II

Frisia join the United Netherlands in 1581

Like the other provinces in the Netherlands was Friesland (Middle Frisia) administrated by stadholders. When the Netherlands declared its independence in 1581 under the leadership of the house of Nassau-Orange, the stadtholders became the real rulers. They were however not more than two persons (and came from two branches of the house of Nassau). The most powerful stadtholder was he who ruled Holland (and several other provinces) while the other stadtholder who ruled Friesland was usually in charge of Groningen and Drenthe as well (the latter province was not considered to be a part of Frisia). This separate Frisian stadtholderdom would exist to 1747 when its stadtholder became regent over all provinces in the Netherlands.


Friesland
(united with Overijssel 1528-1584)
 

Groningen
(submitted to Karel V 1536)

1515-1518
1518-1521
1521-1540
1540-1548
1549-1568
1568-1572
1572-1574
1574-1576
1576-1581
1581-1594

1580-1584

Floris van Egmond
Willem van Roggendorff
Georg Schenck van Toutenburg
Maximiliaan van Egmond
Jan van Ligne
Karel van Brimeu
Gillis van Berlaymont
Caspar van Robles
George van Lalaing (in Spanish service)
Francisco Verdugo (in Spanish service)
United with Holland

1519-1522
1522-1530
1530-1536
1536
1536-1581
1581-1594
1594-1620
1620-1625
1625-1711
1711-1729
1729-

Cristoffel van Meurs
Jasper van Marwijck
Karel van Gelre
Ludolf Coenders
United with Friesland
Francisco Verdugo
United with Friesland
United with Holland
United with Friesland
Period without stadtholder
United with Friesland

1584-1620

Willem Lodewijk


Drenthe
(submitted to Karel V 1536)
 

1620-1632 Ernst Casimir
1632-1640 Hendrik Casimir I
1640-1664 Willem Frederik

1664-1696

Hendrik Casimir II

1536-1696
1696-1702
1702-1722
1722-.

United with Groningen
United with Holland
Period without stadtholder
United with Friesland
1696-1711 Johan Willem Friso
1711- (1751)
 
Willem (IV)
 

 

Willem IV became stadtholder of Holland 1747
and as a consequence of this were all Dutch provinces thereafter ruled by the same stadtholder

With the exception of Groningen (which was conquered 1498 by Imperial troops together with Middle Frisia) would East Frisia not be united with the future Dutch republic. Instead local chieftains created two East Frisian states, Ostfriesland and the small lordship of Jever. In the easternmost part (Wursten east of Elbe) would the Frisian peasants succeed in preserving their freedom until 1524 when their land was conquered by the archbishop of Bremen.

House of Tom Brok
 

House of Wimkrok
 

? - 1371
1371-1391
1391-1399
1391-1417
1417-1427

Keno I (the Elder)
Ocko I (the Elder)
Widzelt
Keno II (the Younger)
Ocko II (the Younger)

1350-1410
1410-1433
1433-1438
1438-1468
1468
1468-1488
1468-1511
1511-1517
1517-1536
1536-1575

Edo Wiemken I
Sibeth Papinga
Hajo Harlda
Tanno Düren
Hajo
Sibeth III (Sibethsburg)
Edo Wiemken II (Jever)
Christoph
Anna
Maria


House of Ukema
 

1427-1431

Focko


House Cirksena
(counts 1454-1654 and thereafter princes)

House of Oldenburg

? - 1400
1400-1450
1450-1466
1466-1491
1491-1528
1528
1528-1540
1540-1599
1599-1625
1625-1628
1628-1648
1648-1660
1660-1665
1665-1708
1708-1734
1734-1744

1744-1806
1807-1810
1810-1814
1815-1866
1866-1945
1945-

Edzard
Enno
Ulrich I
Enno I
Edzard I (the Great)
Ulrich II
Enno II
Edzard II
Enno III
Rudolf Christian
Ulrich III
Enno Ludwig
Georg Christian
Christian Eberhard
Georg Albrecht
Karl Edzard

Part of Prussia
Part of Holland
Part of France
Part of Hanover
Part of Prussia
Part of Niedersachsen

1575-1603

Johann XVI
1603-1667 Anton Günther

 
House of Anhalt-Zerbst
 

1667

Johann
1667-1718 Karl Wilhelm
1718-1742 Johann August
1742-1746 Johann Ludwig II
1742-1747 Christian August
1747-1793 Friedrich August
1793-1796 Katharina II (the Great)


House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
 

1796-1801

Paul
1801-1807 Alexander I

1807-1810
1810-1813

Part of Holland
Part of France
1813-1818 Alexander I (restored)
1818-1945
1945-
Part of Oldenburg
Part of Niedersachsen

The information about Frisian regents are confusing to say the least. Sometimes are Frisian regents called margraves (markgrafen) instead of counts. Some are also very hard to place in the list of regents, such as Wulbrand I von Hallermund-Loccum who supposeadly was margrave of Frisia 1120-1167 and son of Burchard of Frisia.

To add to the confusion are some list of Frisian regents much more detailed with entries stretching as far back in time as 2000 BC. These lists base their information on the book Oera Linda which is a forged manuscript from the 19th century.
 
= Denmark
= Spain
= Portugal

= Milan
= Both Sicilies
= Germany
= Holland
= Geldern
= Hainaut
= Oldenburg
= Anhalt-Zerbst
= Nassau
= Bavaria
= Saxony
= Meissen
= Austria
= Russia
= The Spanish Netherlands