The region of central Austria and Slovenia became populated by Slavs at
the end of the sixth century. They then created the principality of
Karantania, which is known from the seventh century and is regarded by some
as a predecessor to the modern republic of Slovenia. Karantania managed to
maintain its independence from both the Avars to the east and the Bavarians
to the west until the middle of the eight century when Avar pressure forced
Karantania to seek Bavarian protection. Together with Bavaria became
Karantania a part of the Frankish kingdom 788 and its last Slavic ruler was
deposed 828 where after it was ruled by Frankish counts. The region was then
known by its German name "Kärnten" and its was restored several times as a
separate duchy during the ninth and tenth century. From 976 was it permanently a separate
duchy. A large immigration of German settlers led to the assimilation of the
original Slavic population in Carinthia, which 1335 became a part of the Habsburg
dynasty's lands and thereafter was linked with Styria and Carniola during
the repeated divisions of the Habsburg lands.
From 1619 have Carinthia always been united with Austria and it is today an
Austrian part state, although it is considerably smaller than the historic
Karantania.
Principality of Karantania
ca 630
c. 745-750
c. 750-752
c. 752-770
c. 770-788
c. 784-798
c. 788-
?
?
? - 819
c. 819-820
828-876
Valuk (Valug)
Borut (Boruth)
Gorazd (Kakaz, Cacatius)
Hotimir (Khotimir, Cheitmar, Ceithumar)
Valtunk (Waltunk, Waldung)
Inko (Ingo)
Pribislav
Semika
Stojmir (Stoimir)
Etgar (Edgar)
Ludevit (Liudewit, Ljudewit Posavski)
Direct rule by the Frankish kingdom
Duchy of Carinthia (in personal union with the
margraviate of Verona 976-1151)
876-893
893-927
927- (947)
938-976
Arnulf von Kärnten
Part of Bavaria
Berthold
Part of Bavaria
Styria
was a part of the old Carinthia, which became a separate margraviate during
the tenth century as the "Carinthian Mark". The margraviate went 1056 to Ottokar I
who styled himself as margrave of Steyr after the castle he had his
residence in, this name then evolved to "Styria" (in German Steiermark). It
was elevated to a duchy 1180 and joined Austria in a personal union 1192
when it was inherited by the Babenberg dynasty. Together with Carinthia and
Carniola was it later inherited by collateral branches of the Habsburg
dynasty (se above). But from 1619 have Styria always been united with
Austria, although the southern part was ceded to Yugoslavia after the First
World War and id today a part of Slovenia.
The margraviate of Carniola was separated from Carinthia in 1040 and it
was later granted to the Patriarch of Aquileia in 1077, but remained under
the rule of subordinate margraves until 1112. The patriarch then gave it as
a fief to the duke of Austria in 1245, but his death shortly afterwards led
to Carniola's reunification with Carinthia the following year. From 1335 was
it a part of the Habsburg's hereditary lands and in 1364
was it elevated to a duchy. Carniola became a part of Yugoslavia after the
First World War and was later the main part of the Yugoslav part republic of
Slovenia, which became independent in 1991.
= 983-985)
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